MAKING SENSE OF TAXES IN RETIREMENT

Making Sense of Taxes in RetiremeNT

During your working years, everyone told you retirement was the easy life. As you near retirement, however, perhaps it’s seeming like a bit more work than you had imagined. After all, correctly positioning your various retirement accounts, honing in on your risk tolerance, determining your income sources, creating a budget, and deciding the age to start accepting your Social Security benefit are all important issues that should be at the forefront of your retirement planning checklist.

But have you given much thought to the role taxes will play in your retirement lifestyle?

Sadly, most retirees have not, and risk detonating the potential ticking tax time bomb in their portfolio that could have been avoided with a little bit of education and a touch of guidance.

Although taxes are imminent to some extent, once you retire you have the distinct advantage of being able to choose what to pay yourself for income each year by withdrawing from your various accounts or accepting a Social Security benefit. Estimate your taxes for the year and see how much additional room you have in your current tax bracket before you reach the upper threshold. “Maximizing your tax bracket” refers to taking additional withdrawals to “fill up” the entire bracket without going into the next one.

Tax planning for retirement seems simple at first glance, however, retirees face a completely different set of challenges than do younger taxpayers. Oftentimes, clients come to a financial services professional (FSP) with a tax situation they weren’t ever expecting to face, and many of them have forgotten to account for taxes altogether when making important calculations. Each year you should carefully plan out you and your spouse’s income to ensure you know which tax bracket you’re going to land in. By developing and utilizing tax-efficient withdrawal sequences for your income, you can delay having to tap into your tax-deferred accounts until later in life. Many people seem to think that taxable income decreases or goes away in retirement, but that is not the case.

In order to pay Uncle Sam as little as possible over the course of your retirement, you must understand how your different modes of income will be taxed. Planning carefully – on both a long-range and an annual basis – in regards to your tax brackets, will help you increase your post-tax income for retirement. Remember that in retirement, you control (to some degree) how much you pay yourself in income each tax year from actualizing the funds from your retirement accounts.

Long-range tax bracket planning entails putting together a snapshot of the amounts you’ll withdraw from your retirement accounts and other financial vehicles through the years, and carefully coordinating it with when you start accepting your Social Security benefit. In doing so, many retirees are able to rearrange their income sources in such a way that delivers them more after-tax income. While long-range planning assists in designing an overall tax and income strategy over the course of retirement, annual planning, or being able to “control your tax bracket” each year provides an opportunity to revisit ways to reduce tax burden by taking full advantage of standard or itemized deductions and personal exemptions.

As our lives evolve and change, so does our tax situation. Just as it is important to revisit your risk tolerance as your financial landscape continues to undergo major life events and changes, it’s also necessary to do so from a tax perspective. As many retirees leave the working world, they drop into a lower tax bracket initially from the time they retire and stop receiving normal paychecks on through their 60s. At age 70½, however, you’ll be required to take required minimum distributions (RMDs) from your 401(k) or your traditional IRA.

These distributions, along with any other income you’ve still got coming in, has the potential to push you into a higher tax bracket. Some retirees have found success in taking distributions to steadily and carefully draw from their IRA while still in their 60s, and remain in the same tax bracket – many times this helps them avoid getting bumped into a higher bracket.

As most of us know, you’re not able to dismiss taxes altogether. If you are proactively taking measures to be as tax-efficient as possible, however, you will have a leg up on many retirees. It’s always recommended that you work with a tax or financial services professional to help you prepare. With proper tax bracket management, allocation and diversification of your assets, you can be better prepared and help keep as much of your retirement funds as possible.

If you have any questions, please contact us at 484-206-4200.

Thinking About Your Lifestyle In Retirement

Thinking About Your Lifestyle In Retirement

If you are nearing retirement age, you may be exploring ways to put your retirement savings to work in creating a reliable income for yourself well beyond your working years. You may have already devoted some time to speaking with someone to help you accomplish this, because let’s face it, retirement is complicated. Most of the topics surrounding retirement involve money, and rightfully so – it’s the main thing on most American retiree’s minds. Aside from money, however, there are other lifestyle factors that will be key drivers of your retirement success.

Balancing both the management of your finances and your lifestyle in retirement will play large roles in how you’re able to enjoy your new chapter of life.

By exploring the topics listed below, you may gain some insight on ways to make your retirement more comfortable and enjoyable.

1. Downsizing may make a lot of sense

The choice to downsize your home once you enter retirement is a big decision, but, depending on your home ownership costs, it may potentially be one of the best ways to create retirement income by extracting equity from your home to serve you elsewhere in your retirement budget. Many retirees require a larger house and more property to raise their family – commonly in houses with multiple floors and two or more bedrooms and bathrooms. Once the children become adults and move out, retirees often find themselves with too much space.

In addition, many retirees, as they prepare to grow older, may have a desire to have all their rooms and utilities located on one floor, eliminating the need to travel up and down stairs to complete daily tasks like laundry, cleaning or cooking. A smaller yard may also mean less upkeep and maintenance. As mentioned, downsizing to something more modest may create immediate equity to help accomplish other retirement goals, and likely will also cost you less in taxes, insurance and utilities. Beware, however, the costs associated with downsizing. Do your homework to ensure real estate and moving costs don’t eat away your newly-recognized equity.

2. Make your physical health a priority and a hobby

The cost of assisted living facilities jumped 14 percent in 2017, to more than $54,0001 per year, so it’s easy to understand why so many Americans have large amounts of their retirement savings wiped away due to the need for some sort of long-term care. A multitude of factors play into your health in retirement but staying active and working on building and maintain strength can make a world of difference in preserving your mobility, balance, posture and overall well-being. While we as humans will undoubtedly age, and if we live long enough, may eventually require some form of living assistance, you can help stave off the aches and pains of old age with a healthy diet and regular workout routine. In addition, many retirees are making a hobby out of their fitness activities, and it’s easy to see why – yoga, cycling, water aerobics, dance classes and golf are all great ways to stay fit and meet new friends. In addition, studies show exercise can reduce your chances of a fall and can boost memory and prevent dementia.2

3. Consider a part-time job to stay active

Many retirees find it difficult going from forty or more hours of work per week down to zero when they retire. With so much more free time, it’s easy to see why. In addition to extra time, many retirees underestimate the socialization aspect of working life. Many Americans are finding that going from full-time employment to an enjoyable part-time job strikes the perfect balance – it allows them to retain some semblance of work-related accomplishment, along with the socialization factor mentioned previously. In addition, the added income from working part time allows you to stretch your retirement budget further or leverage the extra cash for investments. Working part time may also allow you to delay touching your tax-deferred dollars, saving them until you absolutely need to withdraw them, and they become subject to taxes.

If you have questions about preparing for retirement, call me at (484) 206-4200.

Sources:
1 http://www.richmond.com/business/local/study-shows-cost-of-long-term-care-continues-to-rise/article_1fb90ff2-9a6a-5914-8574-5ba90be7e4ba.html
2 https://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/features/exercise-older-adults#1

Retirement planning course corrections to consider

It’s no secret that millions of Americans are approaching their retirement years with meager savings and high anxiety about their financial security. And a recent study from Merrill Lynch and Age Wave reveals steps that Americans are willing to take to get their retirement back on track.

The overwhelming majority (88 percent) of people surveyed said their primary objective is peace of mind, while just 12 percent say they want to accumulate as much wealth as possible. But peace of mind means different things to different people:

·         57 percent report they want to live comfortably within their means.

·         39 percent say they want to have the financial resources to live the life they choose.

·         34 percent want to feel they could handle a major unexpected expense.

·         25 percent want to feel confident they won’t outlive their money.

·         17 percent want to provide for their family if something happens to them.

Only 8 percent of survey respondents feel personal finances can be discussed openly, while the remainder consider the topic a private matter or one that can be discussed with a spouse or partner or only very close family and friends. It would certainly help if older workers and retirees would share their ideas and insights with their family and friends. 

What changes are people willing to make to enhance their financial security in retirement? Here are steps the survey found Americans are willing to take:

·         90 percent would be willing to cut back on their expenses. Perhaps they can focus on spending just enough to meet their basic living needs and what truly makes them happy.

·         79 percent would seek financial advice. In this case, they’ll want to make sure their advisers are qualified and act in their best interests.

·         77 percent would increase the use of tax-protected retirement accounts.

·         75 percent would seek expert advice on how to pay lower taxes. Note that this may not be a good use of time for Americans with meager savings, since they could already be in a very low tax bracket when they retire.

·         66 percent would sell real estate or other personal belongings. Finding the best way to deploy home equity is a good use of time for older workers and retirees who own a home but have modest retirement savings.

·         64 percent would postpone taking Social Security. This is a smart move for virtually all retirees.

·         43 percent would withdraw the cash value from a life insurance policy. Such people would want to explore their options: Many policies allow the holder to convert the policy’s cash value into a lifetime annuity.

In addition to taking these steps, older workers would be wise to develop a strategy for generating lifetime retirement income, explore their options for continuing to work and make sure they have adequate medical insurance that supplements Medicare.

As you can see, your financial security in retirement has many moving parts. It is well worth spending hours and days planning for peace of mind in your retirement years, so you can go enjoy the rest of your life.

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/retirement-planning-course-corrections-to-consider/

Four Common Questions About Social Security

As you near retirement, it's likely you'll have many questions about Social Security. Here are a few of the most common questions and answers about Social Security benefits.

Will Social Security be around when you need it?

You've probably heard media reports about the worrisome financial condition of Social Security, but how heavily

should you weigh this information when deciding when to begin receiving benefits? While it's very likely that some changes will be made to Social Security (e.g., payroll taxes may increase or benefits may be reduced by a certain percentage), there's no need to base your decision about when to apply for benefits on this information alone. Although no one knows for certain what will happen, if you're within a few years of retirement, it's probable that you'll receive the benefits you've been expecting all along. If you're still a long way from retirement, it may be wise to consider various scenarios when planning for Social Security income, but keep in mind that there's been no proposal to eliminate Social Security.

If you're divorced, can you receive Social Security retirement benefits based on your former spouse's earnings record?

You may be able to receive benefits based on an ex-spouse's earnings record if you were married at least 10 years, you're currently unmarried, and you're not entitled to a higher benefit based on your own earnings record. You can apply for a reduced spousal benefit as early as age 62 or wait until your full retirement age to receive an non-reduced spousal benefit. If you've been divorced for more than two years, you can apply as soon as your ex-spouse becomes eligible for benefits, even if he or she hasn't started receiving them (assuming you're at least 62). However, if you've been divorced for less than two years, you must wait to apply for benefits based on your ex-spouse's earnings record until he or she starts receiving benefits.

If you delay receiving Social Security benefits, should you still sign up for Medicare at age 65?

Even if you plan on waiting until full retirement age or later to take your Social Security retirement benefits, make sure to sign up for Medicare. If you're 65 or older and aren't yet receiving Social Security benefits, you won't be automatically enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B.

You can sign up for Medicare when you first become eligible during your seven-month Initial Enrollment Period. This period begins three months before the month you turn 65, includes the month you turn 65, and ends three months after the month you turn 65.

The Social Security Administration recommends contacting them to sign up three months before you reach age 65, because signing up early helps you avoid a delay in coverage. For your Medicare coverage to begin during the month you turn 65, you must sign up during the first three months before the month you turn 65 (the day your coverage will start depends on your birthday). If you enroll later, the start date of your coverage will be delayed. If you don't enroll during your Initial Enrollment Period, you may pay a higher premium for Part B coverage later. Visit the Medicare website, www.medicare.gov to learn more, or call the Social Security Administration at 800-772-1213.

Will a retirement pension affect your Social Security benefit?

If your pension is from a job where you paid Social Security taxes, then it won't affect your Social Security benefit. However, if your pension is from a job where you did not pay Social Security taxes (such as certain government jobs) two special provisions may apply.

The first provision, called the government pension offset (GPO), may apply if you're entitled to receive a government pension as well as Social Security spousal retirement or survivor's benefits based on your spouse's (or former spouse's) earnings. Under this provision, your spousal or survivor's benefit may be reduced by two-thirds of your government pension (some exceptions apply).

The windfall elimination provision (WEP) affects how your Social Security retirement or disability benefit is figured if you receive a pension from work not covered by Social Security. The formula used to figure your benefit is modified, resulting in a lower Social Security benefit.

Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. Copyright 2016.

Why don’t you have a pension?

When it comes to choosing a retirement plan, there are several options we have to choose from, but many of us forget or are unaware that we can have almost all of them and not be held to just one or two plans. In fact, I recommend you have at least five types of retirement plans. But, how do you know which ones are right for you? That is something we look at on an individual level with each of our clients because there are many factors that will determine what plans are best for you so  if you are not working with an advisor to help you select these plans based on your needs, family, risk tolerance, tax rate, age, etc. then you are not set up properly for retirement.

Sadly, one of my favorite retirement plans is slowly fading away, the pension plan. A pension plan, according to Investopedia.com, is a retirement plan that requires an employer to make contributions into a pool of funds set aside for a worker's future benefit. The pool of funds is invested on the employee's behalf, and the earnings on the investments generate income to the worker upon retirement.

This means that retirees would be able to receive this money guaranteeing lifetime income, in almost all cases, as long as the employer is in business. It all changed in the early 1980’s when companies started introducing the 401(k) plans named after the IRS code of The Revenue Act of 1978 which allowed employees to put money aside for retirement on a tax deferred basis and was meant as a supplement to the pension plans and Social Security. However, companies saw this as an opportunity to reduce and eliminate pension plans over the years saving themselves from paying retirees a salary for the rest of their lives.  When the 401(k) plans were introduced, we were in a high interest rate market so it made sense to defer taxes to a later period of time when interest rates came down. Now we are at historically low interest rates, does it make sense to defer taxes to a later period of time?

Most employees enter the workforce today with knowledge of one or two types of retirement plans. The 401(k) or the 403(b) plan that their company offers allows you to contribute as the company may offer matching contributions. Rarely are the employees educated by their employer on other types of retirement plans available to them or whether they are a good fit. Another type of retirement plan, the IRA (Traditional and Roth) is also commonly known to many employees but usually only after they have left a previous employer and was told to “rollover their 401(k) into an IRA” or they may be instructed to fund one at the advice of their tax advisor or accountant. Many workers have both a 401(k) plan with their current employer and an IRA from their previous employer, and there is usually nothing wrong with that. However, neither can guarantee that you will not run out of money before you pass away like a pension does, and you may end up paying more taxes.

So what can you do? You can actually create your own pension plan using your own money. Where many advisors will tell you how much money you need to retire, we at Thrive do not do it that way because we know that number may not be enough and it has a finite end to it. Contact us today to find out how we are different and how you can create strategies to help you avoid the possibility of running out of money and create your five retirement plans.       

484-206-4200

800-516-5861

How To Get a Bigger Social Security Retirement Benefit

Many people decide to begin receiving early
Social Security retirement benefits. In fact, according to the Social Security Administration, about 72% of retired workers receive benefits prior to their full retirement age. But waiting longer could significantly increase your monthly retirement income, so weigh your options carefully before making a decision.

Timing counts

Your monthly Social Security retirement benefit is based on your lifetime earnings. Your base benefit--the amount you'll receive at full retirement age--is calculated using a formula that takes into account your 35 highest earnings years.

If you file for retirement benefits before reaching full retirement age (66 to 67, depending on your birth year), your benefit will be permanently reduced. For example, at age 62, each benefit check will be 25% to 30% less than it would have been had you waited and claimed your benefit at full retirement age (see table below).

Alternatively, if you postpone filing for benefits past your full retirement age, you'll earn delayed retirement credits for each month you wait, up until age 70. Delayed retirement credits will increase the amount you receive by about 8% per year if you were born in 1943 or later. The chart below shows how a monthly benefit of $1,800 at full retirement age (66) would be affected if claimed as early as age 62 or as late as age 70. This is a hypothetical example used for illustrative purposes only; your benefits and results will vary.

Early or late? 

Should you begin receiving Social Security benefits early, or wait until full retirement age or even longer? If you absolutely need the money right away, your decision is clear-cut; otherwise, there's no ''right" answer. But take time to make an informed, well-reasoned decision. Consider factors such as how much retirement income you'll need, your life expectancy, how your spouse or survivors might be affected, whether you plan to work after you start receiving benefits, and how your income taxes might be affected.


Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. Copyright 2016.

Outliving Your Money

As we grow older, we are spending more and more time in the retirement phase of our life thanks to medical advances and healthier diets which are causing us to live longer. But at what cost?

If you knew today that you were going to live to be a healthy 125 years old, what would you change? If you had the ability to walk, talk, hear, see, and do all the normal functions of life without any outside help, would you want to live that long? Many people I have talked with said "YES", however, they all had one fear. That fear is not being able to live the same lifestyle due to the possibility of not being able to afford it. So people are afraid that they are going to run out of money. Here is my biggest issue with that, there are ways to avoid it that many people have no idea about!

That is what we do at Thrive, we educate our clients on what all of their options are so they can make an informed decision and live a comfortable and happy retirement without the fear of running out of money. If you are currently working with an advisor, talk to him or her about guaranteeing your future. If they can't, then what are you paying them for? It may be time for a new advisor. Contact us set up a meeting for a complimentary second opinion on your retirement income and discuss how YOU can secure your future.

Retirement Forecaster

Retirement can have many meanings. For some, it will be a time to travel and spend time with family members. For others, it will be a time to start a new business or begin a charitable endeavor. Regardless of what approach you intend to take, here are nine things about retirement that might surprise you.

Retired workers support themselves either through pensions or savings. In most cases the money is provided by the government, but sometimes granted only by private subscriptions to mutual funds.

Many retirees rely on Social Security.

Social Security is a significant source of income for most retirees. Almost all retirees (86 percent) receive income from Social Security, and Social Security payments make up at least half of the retirement income of 65 percent of retirees and comprise 90 percent of retirement income for over a third (36 percent) of retirees.  You can start your Social Security retirement benefits as early as age 62 or as late as age 70. Your monthly benefit amount will be different depending on the age you start receiving it.

Recent advances in data collection have vastly improved our ability to understand important relationships between retirement and factors such as health, wealth, employment characteristics and family dynamics, among others. The most prominent study for examining retirement behavior in the United States is the ongoing Health and Retirement Study (HRS), first fielded in 1992.

Visit our resource center for more

 www.thriveresourcecenter.com

Choosing a Beneficiary for Your IRA or 401(k)

Selecting beneficiaries for retirement benefits is different from choosing beneficiaries for other assets such as life insurance. With retirement benefits, you need to know the impact of income tax and estate tax laws when selecting your beneficiaries. Although taxes shouldn't be the sole determining factor in naming your beneficiaries, the impact of taxes should not be ignored when making your choice.  

In addition, if you're married, beneficiary designations may affect the size of minimum required distributions to you from your IRAs and retirement plans while you're alive.

Paying income tax on most retirement distributions

Most inherited assets such as bank accounts, stocks, and real estate can pass to your beneficiaries without income tax being due. However, that's not usually the case with 401(k) plans and IRAs.

Beneficiaries pay ordinary income tax on distributions from pretax 401(k) accounts and traditional IRAs. With Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k) accounts, however, your beneficiaries can receive the benefits free from income tax if all of the tax requirements are met. That means you need to consider the impact of income taxes when designating beneficiaries for your 401(k) and IRA assets.

For example, if one of your children inherits $100,000 cash from you and another child receives your pretax 401(k) account worth $100,000, they aren't receiving the same amount. The reason is that all distributions from the 401(k) plan will be subject to income tax at ordinary income tax rates, while the cash isn't subject to income tax when it passes to your child upon your death.

Similarly, if one of your children inherits your taxable traditional IRA and another child receives your income-tax-free Roth IRA, the bottom line is different for each of them.  

Naming or changing beneficiaries

When you open up an IRA or begin participating in a 401(k), you are given a form to complete in order to name your beneficiaries. Changes are made in the same way--you complete a new beneficiary designation form. A will or trust does not override your beneficiary designation form. However, spouses may have special rights under federal or state law.

It's a good idea to review your beneficiary designation form at least every two to three years. Also, be sure to update your form to reflect changes in financial circumstances. Beneficiary designations are important estate planning documents. Seek legal advice as needed.

Designating primary and secondary beneficiaries

When it comes to beneficiary designation forms, you want to avoid gaps. If you don't have a named beneficiary who survives you, your estate may end up as the beneficiary, which is not always the best result.

Your primary beneficiary is your first choice to receive retirement benefits. You can name more than one person or entity as your primary beneficiary. If your primary beneficiary doesn't survive you or decides to decline the benefits (the tax term for this is a disclaimer), then your secondary (or "contingent") beneficiaries receive the benefits.

Having multiple beneficiaries

You can name more than one beneficiary to share in the proceeds. You just need to specify the percentage each beneficiary will receive (the shares do not have to be equal). You should also state who will receive the proceeds should a beneficiary not survive you.

In some cases, you'll want to designate a different beneficiary for each account or have one account divided into sub-accounts (with a beneficiary for each sub-account). You'd do this to allow each beneficiary to use his or her own life expectancy in calculating required distributions after your death. This, in turn, can permit greater tax deferral (delay) and flexibility for your beneficiaries in paying income tax on distributions.

Avoiding gaps or naming your estate as a beneficiary

There are two ways your retirement benefits could end up in your probate estate. Probate is the court process by which assets are transferred from someone who has died to the heirs or beneficiaries entitled to those assets.

First, you might name your estate as the beneficiary. Second, if no named beneficiary survives you, your probate estate may end up as the beneficiary by default. If your probate estate is your beneficiary, several problems can arise.

If your estate receives your retirement benefits, the opportunity to maximize tax deferral by spreading out distributions may be lost. In addition, probate can mean paying attorney's and executor's fees and delaying the distribution of benefits.

Naming your spouse as a beneficiary

When it comes to taxes, your spouse is usually the best choice for a primary beneficiary.

A spousal beneficiary has the greatest flexibility for delaying distributions that are subject to income tax. In addition to rolling over your 401(k) or IRA to his or her IRA or plan, a surviving spouse can generally decide to treat your IRA as his or her own IRA. This can provide more tax and planning options.

If your spouse is more than 10 years younger than you, then naming your spouse can also reduce the size of any required taxable distributions to you from retirement assets while you're alive. This can allow more assets to stay in the retirement account longer and delay the payment of income tax on distributions.

Although naming a surviving spouse can produce the best income tax result, that isn't necessarily the case with death taxes. At your death, your spouse can inherit an unlimited amount of assets and defer federal death tax until both of you are deceased (note: special tax rules and requirements apply for a surviving spouse who is not a U.S. citizen). If your spouse's taxable estate for federal tax purposes at his or her death exceeds the applicable exclusion amount, then federal death tax may be due. One possible downside to naming your spouse as the primary beneficiary is that it may increase the size of your spouse's estate for death tax purposes, which in turn may result in death tax or increased death tax when your spouse dies.

Naming a charity as a beneficiary

In general, naming a charity as the primary beneficiary will not affect required distributions to you during your lifetime. However, after your death, having a charity named with other beneficiaries on the same asset could affect the tax-deferral possibilities of the non-charitable beneficiaries, depending on how soon after your death the charity receives its share of the benefits.

Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. Copyright 2015.

Four Lessons Grandparents and Grandchildren Can Learn Together

If you're a grandparent, maintaining a strong connection with your grandchildren is important, but that may become harder over the years as they leave for college or become busier building their careers and families. While they're just starting out financially, you have a lifetime of experience. Although you're at opposite ends of the spectrum, you have more in common than you think. Focusing on what you can learn together and what you can teach each other about financial matters may help you see that you're not that different after all.

1. Saving toward a financial goal

When your grandchildren were young, you may have encouraged them to save by giving them spare change for their piggy banks or slipping a check into their birthday cards. Now that they're older, they may have trouble saving for the future when they're focused on paying bills.

They may want and need advice, but may not be comfortable asking for it. You're in a good position to share what experience has taught you about balancing priorities, which may include saving for short-term goals such as a home down payment and long-term goals such as retirement. You'll also learn something about what's important to them in the process.

You may even be willing and able to give money to your grandchildren to help them target their goals. While you can generally give up to $14,000 per person per year without being subject to gift tax rules, you may want to explore the idea of offering matching funds instead of making an outright gift. For example, for every dollar your grandchild is able to save toward a specific goal, you match it, up to whatever limit you decide to set. But avoid giving too much. No matter how generous you want to be, you should prioritize your own retirement.

2. Weathering market ups and downs

Your grandchildren are just starting out as investors, while you have likely been in the market for many years and lived through more than one challenging economic climate. When you're constantly barraged by market news, it's easy to become too focused on short-term results; however, the longer-term picture is also important. As the market goes up, novice investors may become overly enthusiastic, but when the market goes down they may become overly discouraged, which can lead to poor decisions about buying and selling. Sharing your perspective on the historical performance of the market and your own portfolio may help them learn to avoid making decisions based on emotion. Focusing on fundamentals such as asset allocation, diversification, and tolerance for risk can remind you both of the wisdom of having a plan in place to help you weather stormy market conditions.

3. Using technology wisely

Some people avoid the newest technology because they think the learning curve will be steep. That's where your grandchildren can help. With their intuitive understanding of technology, they can introduce you to the latest and greatest financial apps and opportunities, including those that may help you manage your financial accounts online, pay your bills, track investments, and stay in touch with professionals.

Unfortunately, as the use of technology has grown, so have scams that target individuals young and old. Your grandchildren might know a lot about using technology, but you have the experience to know that even financially savvy individuals are vulnerable. Consider making a pact with your grandchildren that if you are asked for financial information over the phone, via email, or online (including account or Social Security numbers); asked to invest in something that promises fast profits; or contacted by a person or business asking for money, you will discuss it with each other and with a trusted professional before taking action.

4. Giving back

Another thing you and your grandchildren might have in common is that you want to make the world a better place.

Perhaps you are even passionate about the same special causes. If you live in the same area, you might be able to volunteer together in your community, using your time and talents to improve the lives of others. But if not, there are plenty of ways you can give back together. For example, you might donate to a favorite charity, or even find the time to take a "volunteer vacation." Traveling together can be an enjoyable way for you and your grandchildren to bond while you meet other people across the country or globe who share your enthusiasm. Many vacations don't require experience, just a willingness to help--and learn--something you and your grandchildren can do together.

Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. Copyright 2015.

Common Financial Wisdom: Theory vs. Practice

In the financial world, there are a lot of rules about what you should be doing. In theory, they sound reasonable. But in practice, it may not be easy, or even possible, to follow them. Let's look at some common financial rules of thumb and why it can be hard to implement them.

Build an emergency fund worth three to six months of living expenses

Wisdom: Set aside at least three to six months worth of living expenses in an emergency savings account so your overall financial health doesn't take a hit when an unexpected need arises.

Problem: While you're trying to save, other needs--both emergencies and non-emergencies--come up that may prevent you from adding to your emergency fund and even cause you to dip into it, resulting in an even greater shortfall. Getting back on track might require many months or years of dedicated contributions, leading you to decrease or possibly stop your contributions to other important goals such as college, retirement, or a down payment on a house.

One solution: Don't put your overall financial life completely on hold trying to hit the high end of the three to six months target. By all means create an emergency fund, but if after a year or two of diligent saving you've amassed only two or three months of reserves, consider that a good base and contribute to your long-term financial health instead, adding small amounts to your emergency fund when possible. Of course, it depends on your own situation. For example, if you're a business owner in a volatile industry, you may need as much as a year's worth of savings to carry you through uncertain times.

Start saving for retirement in your 20s

Wisdom: Start saving for retirement when you're young because time is one of the best advantages when it comes to amassing a nest egg. This is the result of compounding, which is when your retirement contributions earn investment returns, and then those returns produce earnings themselves. Over time, the process can snowball.

Problem: How many 20-somethings have the financial wherewithal to save earnestly for retirement? Student debt is at record levels, and young adults typically need to budget for rent, food, transportation, monthly utilities, and cell phone bills, all while trying to contribute to an emergency fund and a down payment fund.

One solution: Track your monthly income and expenses on a regular basis to see where your money is going. Establish a budget and try to live within your means, or better yet below your means. Then focus on putting money aside in your workplace retirement plan. Start by contributing a small percentage of your pay, say 3%, to get into the retirement savings habit. Once you've adjusted to a lower take-home amount in your paycheck (you may not even notice the difference!), consider upping your contribution little by little, such as once a year or whenever you get a raise.

Start saving for college as soon as your child is born

Wisdom: Benjamin Franklin famously said there is nothing certain in life except death and taxes. To this, parents might add college costs that increase every year without fail, no matter what the overall economy is doing. As a result, new parents are often advised to start saving for college right away.

Problem: New parents often face many other financial burdens that come with having a baby; for example, increased medical expenses, baby-related costs, day-care costs, and a reduction in household income as a result of one parent possibly cutting back on work or leaving the workforce altogether.

One solution: Open a savings account and set up automatic monthly contributions in a small, manageable amount--for example, $25 or $50 per month--and add to it when you can. When grandparents and extended family ask what they can give your child for birthdays and holidays, you'll have a suggestion.

RULE OF 100

Subtract your age from 100 to determine your stock percentage

Wisdom: Subtract your age from 100 to determine the percentage of your portfolio that should be in stocks. For example, a 45-year-old would have 55% of his or her portfolio in stocks, with the remainder in bonds and cash.

Problem: A one-size-fits-all rule may not be appropriate for everyone. On the one hand, today's longer life expediencies make a case for holding even more stocks in your portfolio for their growth potential, and subtracting your age from, say, 120. On the other hand, considering the risks associated with stocks, some investors may not feel comfortable subtracting their age even from 80 to determine the percentage of stocks.

One solution: Focus on your own tolerance for risk while also being mindful of inflation. Consider looking at the historical performance of different asset classes. Can you sleep at night with the investments you've chosen? Your own peace of mind trumps any financial rule.

Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. Copyright 2015.

Nearing Retirement? Time to Get Focused

If you're within 10 years of retirement, you've probably spent some time thinking about this major life change. The transition to retirement can seem a bit daunting, even overwhelming. If you find yourself wondering where to begin, the following points may help you focus.

Reassess your living expenses
A step you will probably take several times between now and retirement--and maybe several more times thereafter--is thinking about how your living expenses could or should change. For example, while commuting and dry cleaning costs may decrease, other budget items such as travel and health care may rise. Try to estimate what your monthly expense budget will look like in the first few years after you stop working. And then continue to reassess this budget as your vision of retirement becomes reality.

Consider all your income sources
Next, review all your possible sources of income. Chances are you have an employer-sponsored retirement plan and maybe an IRA or two. Try to estimate how much they could provide on a monthly basis. If you are married, be sure to include your spouse's retirement accounts as well. If your employer provides a traditional pension plan, contact the plan administrator for an estimate of your monthly benefit amount.
Do you have rental income? Be sure to include that in your calculations. Is there a chance you may continue working in some capacity? Often retirees find that they are able to consult, turn a hobby into an income source, or work part-time. Such income can provide a valuable cushion that helps retirees postpone tapping their investment accounts, giving them more time to potentially grow.
Finally, don't forget Social Security. You can get an estimate of your retirement benefit at the Social Security Administration's website, ssa.gov. You can also sign up for a my Social Security account to view your online Social Security Statement, which contains a detailed record of your earnings and estimates of retirement, survivor, and disability benefits.

Manage taxes
As you think about your income strategy, also consider ways to help minimize taxes in retirement. Would it be better to tap taxable or tax-deferred accounts first? Would part-time work result in taxable Social Security benefits? What about state and local taxes? A qualified tax professional can help you develop an appropriate strategy.

Pay off debt, power up your savings
Once you have an idea of what your possible expenses and income look like, it's time to bring your attention back to the here and now. Draw up a plan to pay off debt and power up your retirement savings before you retire.

• Why pay off debt? Entering retirement debt-free--including paying off your mortgage--will put you in a position to modify your monthly expenses in retirement if the need arises. On the other hand, entering retirement with mortgage, loan, and credit card balances will put you at the mercy of those monthly payments. You'll have less of an opportunity to scale back your spending if necessary.
• Why power up your savings? In these final few years before retirement, you're likely to be earning the highest salary of your career. Why not save and invest as much as you can in your employer-sponsored retirement savings plan and/or your IRAs? Aim for the maximum allowable contributions.

And remember, if you're 50 or older, you can take advantage of catch-up contributions, which allow you to contribute an additional $6,000 to your employer-sponsored plan and an extra $1,000 to your IRA in 2016.

Account for health care
Finally, health care should get special attention as you plan the transition to retirement. As you age, the portion of your budget consumed by health-related costs will likely increase. Although Medicare will cover a portion of your medical costs, you'll still have deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance. Unless you're prepared to pay for these costs out of pocket, you may want to purchase a supplemental insurance policy.

In 2015, the Employee Benefit Research Institute reported that the average 65-year-old married couple would need $213,000 in savings to have at least a 75% chance of meeting their insurance premiums and out-of-pocket health care costs in retirement. And that doesn't include the cost of long-term care, which Medicare does not cover and can vary substantially depending on where you live. For this reason, you might consider a long-term care insurance policy.

Call us with any questions about how to get focused. Waiting until retirement to assess everything is waiting too late!